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pedestrian scramble
A pedestrian scramble, also known as scramble intersection (Canada), 'X' Crossing (UK), diagonal crossing (US), and, more poetically, a Barnes Dance, is a pedestrian crossing system that stops all vehicular traffic and allows pedestrians to cross an intersection in every direction, including diagonally, at the same time.
It was first used in Canada and the United States in the late 1940s,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/barnes.cfm )〕〔 though it has since fallen out of favour with traffic engineers in the United States, as it is seen as prioritising flow of pedestrians over flow of car traffic.〔 However, it only prioritises pedestrians over vehicles during a portion of the traffic control cycle, while prioritising vehicles over pedestrians for the remainder of the cycle. It also has benefits for pedestrian amenity and safety, which have led to new examples being installed in many countries in recent years.
Pedestrian scrambles are ubiquitous in Japan. One of the most famous and most heavily used intersections of this kind is in Shibuya, Tokyo.
==Development==
The name "Barnes Dance" commemorates traffic engineer Henry Barnes. While he did not claim to have invented it himself, Barnes was a strong advocate of it, having observed the difficulties his daughter experienced on her way to school.〔 He first introduced it in his home city of Denver, Colorado in the 1940s and later brought it to Baltimore and New York City.〔 In his autobiography, ''The Man With the Red and Green Eyes'' (1965), Barnes recorded that a City Hall reporter, John Buchanan, first coined the phrase by writing that "Barnes has made the people so happy they're dancing in the streets."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Highway History: The Barnes Dance )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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